Completing the Continental Framework
In a landmark expansion, México joined NAWMP as a full partner in June 1994, signing onto the Plan's first major update. This step completed the trinational framework, building on initial involvement that began as early as 1988 and formalizing México's role as a signatory to the conservation action plan. The update, titled "Expanding the Commitment," was signed by representatives from Canada, the United States, and México, renewing and broadening the original 1986 agreement to address ongoing habitat losses and population declines across borders.
Completing the Continental Habitat Network
The rationale for México's inclusion was clear: waterfowl populations depend on a network of habitats from northern breeding grounds to southern wintering areas, and México's diverse wetlands serve as critical wintering and migration sites for millions of migratory birds. By integrating México, the Plan aimed to reverse persistent wetland degradation, conserve biodiversity, and align conservation with sustainable economic development while harmonizing with human needs.
Priority Wetlands and Habitat Goals
The 1994 Update identified 32 priority wetlands in México as "Important Waterfowl Areas," analogous to areas of major concern in Canada and the United States, which would form the basis for new joint ventures. These sites, including Ria Lagartos in Yucatán and Pantanos de Centla in Tabasco, focused on conservation of 22 duck and 4 goose species. Continental habitat goals were integrated to include México: protecting over 11 million acres, restoring more than 5 million acres, and enhancing over 9 million acres across joint venture areas.
Strengthening Partnerships and Governance
Partnerships were central to this expansion, with the Plan calling for new joint ventures in Mexico to leverage public-private coalitions and focus on species at risk, endemic species, and migratory waterfowl. A key commitment involved resource support from Canada and the U.S., including funding mechanisms where partners would provide aid for Mexican habitat projects — such as 75% from the U.S. and 25% from Canada for bilateral initiatives — to achieve shared objectives. The North American Waterfowl Management Plan Committee was updated to include Mexican representatives from the National Institute of Ecology, ensuring coordinated administration.
