Resources

The 2004 Strategic Guidance for the North American Waterfowl Management Plan (NAWMP) serves as a renewal of the original 1986 plan, building on updates in 1994 and 1998 to outline needs, priorities, and strategies for the next 15 years.

The 1998 Update to the North American Waterfowl Management Plan (NAWMP), titled Expanding the Vision, built upon the foundational 1986 agreement signed by Canada and the United States, as well as Mexico's inclusion as a signatory in 1994.

The 1994 Update to the North American Waterfowl Management Plan, titled "Expanding the Commitment," marks the first revision of the 1986 Plan, extending its vision through 2001 and beyond while incorporating Mexico as a full partner alongside Canada and the United States. This trinational accord reaffirms the Plan's core purpose: to restore waterfowl populations through wetland ecosystem management, conserve biological diversity in the Western Hemisphere, integrate wildlife conservation with sustainable economic development, and foster public-private partnerships. By addressing ongoing habitat losses and population declines, the Update emphasizes ecosystem-based approaches that benefit not only waterfowl but also broader environmental health, water quality, and human communities reliant on these resources.

The North American Waterfowl Management Plan, released in May 1986, served as a cooperative strategy between Canada and the United States to conserve ducks, geese, and swans across the continent, emphasizing the protection and restoration of wetlands amid ongoing habitat loss from agriculture, urbanization, and other human activities.